Penza is the administrative center of the Penza region. During the Great Patriotic War, the city developed as the powerful rear base providing the army with ammunition, equipment, food, military formations, and medical services. Sixty-five industrial enterprises were evacuated to Penza and the region, including 13 machine-building plants that arrived from Moscow, Leningrad, Orel, Kursk, Kalinin, Ukraine and Belarus in 1941 - 1942. Installations of rocket launchers, ammunition, greatcoat cloth, felt boots, and skis were sent from Penza to the front. Every fourth mine, aerial bomb, as well as artillery shell made during the war, were equipped with pyrotechnic products from the Penza Bicycle Plant named after Frunze.
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