In 2000 the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade developed an extensive document – The Key Focus Areas for Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation on the Long-Term Horizon defining strategic priorities of the state economic policy in the XXI century. The main focus of the country’s leaders was on establishment of the Russian economy capable of assuring stability, sovereignty and proper well-being for Russia. Important steps to enhance market-oriented reformations, to develop competitive industry, infrastructure and service sector, to arrange efficient agriculture were made in 2000-2010. Nuclear and space industries as well as aircraft industry and production of composite and non-metal materials are traditional leaders of the Russian economy; achievements in the sphere of information, communications and nano-technologies are also significant.